To understand how VoIP works, it is important to understand the different components involved in the process.
The first component is the VoIP server, which is responsible for routing the call and managing the connection. The VoIP server can be either hosted on-site or in the cloud. On-site servers are typically used by businesses, while cloud-hosted servers are more commonly used by consumers.
The second component is the VoIP client, which is the device that is used to make and receive calls. VoIP clients can be either hardware- or software-based. Hardware-based VoIP clients are typically used by businesses, while software-based VoIP clients are more commonly used by consumers.
VoIP converts analog audio signals from a microphone into digital data packets that are transmitted over the internet. The packets are then reassembled at the other end, allowing for a seamless conversation.
Once the connection is established, the data packets are sent over the internet. VoIP utilizes compression algorithms to reduce the size of the data packets, allowing for more efficient transmission. The data packets are then routed through the internet, using the same routing protocols as other internet traffic.
At the other end, the data packets are reassembled and converted back into an analog audio signal. This signal is then sent to the recipient's phone, allowing for a seamless conversation.